Mau medicine decoding. Urine analysis for microalbumin (Mau). What will tell the analysis of one of the main and indispensable kidney functions is their unique ability to bring toxic products

Mau medicine decoding. Urine analysis for microalbumin (Mau). What will tell the analysis

One of the main and indispensable functions of the kidneys is their unique ability to bring toxic exchange products from the body in the form of urinary sediment. The glomerular and the tubular apparatus of the organ is in constant work, "running" through itself blood and cleaning it from all harmful and unnecessary impurities. In this case, all useful components (proteins, glucose and others) are subjected to reverse flow into the bloodstream.

URIN – the final product of human livelihoods, its composition includes the following components: uric acid, ammonia, urea, salt, creatinine and others.

If for one reason or another, the filtration capacity of kidney tissues is suffering, namely the permeability of glomerular membranes, then useful substances useful for the body with urine.

One of the first "disturbing" calls, indicating the proceeding pathology, is to increase the concentration of microalbumin in the urine. Normally, the synthesis of this protein occurs in liver cells. Albumin plasma albumin is approximately 50-60% of all protein components. Their main task is to maintain the constancy of osmatic and oncotic pressure in the circulatory line, which is provided by binding to the aqueous molecule.

The urine analysis on the microalbuminuria (Mau) pursues the purpose of the early (preclinical) diagnosis, when the patient still has no symptoms associated with a violation of the kidneys. This allows you to most effectively deal with diseases and to adjust pathological processes in a timely manner.

Norms of laboratory indicators

Albumin detection in the urine is not always an indicator of the pathological process that has begun. The microalbumin is the smallest protein fraction, so even a healthy person has a small amount of it can penetrate through intact gluts. While larger albumin molecules can never be detected in normal urine indicators. Children on the proceedings began even the minimum increase in protein in the blade.

Before you begin deciphering the data obtained, you need to clarify which figures do not go beyond physiological values:

Albumin's norm, which specialist can detect when studying the blade, should not exceed 30 mg per day (if the indicators exceed these values, then we are talking about microalbuminuria, while the daily release of more than 300 mg of protein indicates proteinuria);
the norm of microalbumin, determined in a one-time (single) portion of urine, does not exceed 20 mg / l
the albumin / creatinine ratio is estimated in a random portion of urine, normal values \u200b\u200bshould not exceed the following figures: for a woman – up to 2.5, and for men – up to 3.5. In the case of an increase in these indicators, one can judge the onset of nephropathy.

Causes of albumin in urine

natural factors

Microalbumin in urine can exceed its concentration for quite natural reasons and be completely reversible:

The use of a large amount of liquid on the eve, as a result of which there is an increase in the water load on the kidneys, the filtration mechanism is enhanced. The same is observed if a person eats too much watermelon.
Excessive physical activity or increased sports lead to increased blood circulation, and hence to an increase in the work of the kidneys, which do not always cope with it.
Nicotine and its excess consumption has an adverse effect on the cellular structures of the whole organism, and on the tissues of the kidney in particular.
The following factors can temporarily increase the permeability of the glomerular membranes: hypothermia or prolonged exposure to hot conditions, swimming in ice water, severe nervous strain or other mental disorders.
In a girl during menstruation, albumin can be detected in the urine, therefore, during this period, the study is not recommended.
After sexual intercourse, a woman in the analyzes can detect a substance – albumose, the source of which is the partner's sperm. Less often, it appears with a massive breakdown of cells in the body (for example, with gangrene or lung cancer).

Overloading the kidneys with “volume” is the cause of temporary microalbuminuria

In all the situations described above, a urine test for MAU will be considered false positive, because after excluding the root causes, laboratory parameters are completely normal.

Pathological factors

Most often, the level of protein in the urine is elevated due to a number of diseases that are infectious or non-infectious in nature, the cause of which lies not only in kidney diseases:

Acute and chronic form of glomerulonephritis or pyelonephritis (the appearance of protein components in the urinary sediment is of varying severity).
Nephrosis or nephrotic syndrome (especially in the lipoid form).
Hypertension and varying degrees of heart failure.
Atherosclerotic processes affecting the glomerular apparatus of the kidneys and the vessels of the organ.
Diabetes mellitus, which causes diabetic nephropathy.
Chronic form of alcoholism or long-term experience of nicotine addiction.
Poisoning with nephrotoxic drugs or salts of heavy metals.
Preeclampsia during pregnancy, which threatens the life of the fetus and mother.

Preeclampsia is an extremely dangerous disease in a pregnant woman, an early sign of which is an increase in albumin in the urinary sediment.

Process steps

As mentioned above, the repeated appearance of albumin in the urine in a concentration exceeding normal indicators – a direct symptom of nephropathy (the normal operation of the kidneys is violated). In its development, a state passes several stages:

The stage of asymptomatic manifestations – the patient completely lacks complaints of the "renal" character, however, in the urinary sediment there are already initial changes.
Stage of initial manifestations – complaints are still absent, but microalbumin appears in the urine.
The stage of preimefrotic changes – the patient begins to note the instability of the blood pressure numbers, the filtration rate is reduced in the kidney, the bladder contains albumin at a concentration of from 30 to 300 mg / day.
The stage of nephlastic changes – the patient has pronounced swelling, the instability of the blood pressure and the tendency to its increase, the filtration capacity of the kidneys, proteinuria, microhematuria decreases.
Stage of Uremia – the patient appears swelling, and the pressure numbers are significantly increased, which are poorly amenable to therapy, the glomerular filtering is sharply reduced, hematuria and massive proteinuria takes place.

Who shows the survey on albumin with a prophylactic goal?

diabetes mellitus (1 and 2 types);
hypertensive disease (especially in patients with long-term "experience" of hypertension);
Patients passing several chemotherapy courses for the treatment of an oncological process.

In pregnant women with increased risk of preeclampsia, urine research on Mau is included in the diagnostic standards.

How to collect urine to research?

It is necessary to understand that the one-time detection of elevated albumin indicators in the urine is not a reason for formulation of a diagnosis. Especially if a random portion of urine had to collect.

About nephropathy can be judged with a repeated definition of microalbumin in analyzes in patients who have undergone preliminary training before research

At the beginning of each collection of urine, it is necessary to conduct a thorough toilet of genital organs. Women are recommended to use cotton swabs to prevent the substrate from entering the vaginal lumen.

Urine is collected during the day in the same sterile capacity, from which the specialist takes the scope required for research.

Methods for the correction of microalbuminuria

The problem of microalbuminuria is engaged in doctors of different specialties (therapists, nephrologists, gynecologists and others), therefore, the approach to maintaining each of the patients has its own characteristics.

For timely detection, MAU attaches great importance to all preventive examinations and dispensary observation of patients

The basic principles of drug therapy include the following activities:

Restoring the level of glucose in serum with insulin or sugar-based drugs.
Stabilization of blood pressure figures (ACE inhibitors, diuretics and others).
Lipid profile correction with statins.
In advanced situations, they resort to hemodialysis or prepare the patient for organ transplantation.

Conclusion

Early diagnosis of microalbuminuria is difficult, due to the complete absence of clinical manifestations that would "force" the patient to seek help from a doctor.

Why might you need a urine test for UIA? First of all, to identify possible problems associated with the kidneys, as well as for the early diagnosis of atherosclerosis and other diseases.

A urine test for Mau is to obtain information about the amount of albumin, one of the types of protein found in blood plasma. The greater his losses, the more likely it is that there is a problem that needs to be urgently addressed. Why is it necessary to take a urine test? Because albumin is excreted only through the vessels of the kidneys.

And therefore, reducing its amount in the body can lead to the fact that there is a risk of developing kidney disease, such as the initial stage of atherosclerosis or endothelial dysfunction, as well as diabetes.

The result of a correct analysis of the amount of albumin in the excreted urine may reveal a disease of microalbuminuria, which exhibits low concentrations. Healthy kidneys retain most of the albumin, passing only a small part into the urine.

In order to check the exact amount of albumin in the urine, both daily and routine analysis may be required. This will allow the doctor to make the most accurate diagnosis by sending a urine test to detect microalbuminuria.

Since MAU will reveal the presence and degree of concentration of albumin in the urine, it will be prescribed only for the most extreme cases, when it is not possible to conduct a study using the usual methods.

When are surveys required?

Most often, Mau sampling is required when testing for diabetic nephropathy is needed. And also when monitoring, during the course of the disease. This will allow you to control and detect the slightest deviation from the norm. Medical statistics states that the need for control is required for 40% of patients diagnosed with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

As a norm, a healthy person can excrete no more than 30 mg of albumin per day. This means that in each liter of urine should be within 20 mg in a single analysis.

Moreover, if, as a result of a properly conducted examination, the transcript does not show the presence of an infection occurring in the urinary tract, then this may require additional examination and testing. If a high level of protein is detected, this will indicate the presence of pathology in the glomerular renal apparatus.The study on the MAU will allow you to control the removal of this type of protein from the body. And only urine analysis on microalbuminuria or diabetes can help.

The main factors capable of affecting the level of protein level

To date, the main factors that allow to determine the exact amount of albumin in Urin are various research methods. First of all, to get the right result it will be necessary to get urine, you need to collect during the day. At the same time, only the morning portion is taken as the basis. The one can be used for 4 hours before lunch. This will allow, if necessary, reveal the derived proportions of protein and creatinine.

Sugar diabetes is a common disease that needs permanent observation by Doctor. Diagnostic material for control is considered Urina, therefore urine analysis is carried out under diabetes mellitus. According to its structural composition, all the necessary indicators define, as well as the level of sugar. This disease is a consequence of the violation of the usual metabolism, due to the lack of insulin, the development of a pathological process begins, which needs correction.

Watering with diabetes mellitus is an important and indispensable diagnostic marker. With this material, the true state of the patient is determined, so urine analysis in diabetes is a mandatory laboratory minimum for state control.

Modern medical innovations facilitated the life of patients with diabetes. Today you can check the composition of Urin at home, everything you need for this is sold at the pharmacy. Following the instructions can be easily followed by the state of health and control the level of sugar in the urine. This uses simple test strips that show the exact result for this time.

sharp decline in weight;
significant fluctuations in glucose levels;
deterioration of well-being;
fast fatiguability.

This condition needs diagnosis and a thorough examination. You should not engage in self-medication, the true diagnosis and the general condition of the patient will appreciate only the doctor endocrinologist. In addition to the usual analysis of urine, you need to pass a number of other laboratory and instrumental analyzes.

Sugar diabetes can not disturb a person for a long time, so only the doctor can confirm the diagnosis.

Mau is a laboratory analysis that determines the amount of albumin protein in Urin. Such indicators indicate the presence of serious changes and diseases in the patient. The Mau Analysis is a valuable diagnostic marker, because thanks to this study, violations are detected early, which will definitely save the life of a person.

The study has its own characteristics, urin must be passed for 2-3 months for the most accurate result.The one-time procedure may not guarantee the authenticity of 100%.

There are a number of factors that affect the oscillations of Mau:

strong physical exertion;
Promotion of protein food;
gender features;
Sex identification.

Of course, it is important to get an accurate result to exclude all possible affecting factors.

Cardiovascular diseases;
presence of bad habits;
Increased body weight;
Elderly people.

Also, the analysis is carried out for people with different types of diabetes. The presence of increased indicators indicates the development of the disease that may not touch the urinary system.

Mau is an indispensable laboratory analysis to determine the changes in the body.

Urine analysis in diabetes mellitus, its indicators are the basis for monitoring and correction of the patient's pathological condition. There are a number of rules for high-quality material collection.

This approach will help to avoid false indicators and will show the accurate result:

Capacity for collecting urins should be sterile to avoid the probability of inaccuracies.
Before the procedure, conduct personal hygiene of outdoor genital organs.
The qualitative composition of urine is preserved for 2 hours, so it is important to quickly deliver the material into the laboratory.

Exclude reception of any drugs, especially potent.
Stop reinforced physical and psychological loads.
To carefully monitor the diet, eliminate fried, sweet food on the eve of the tests.

The collection of material is an important procedure, therefore it is worth clarifying the doctor all the features. The urine color in diabetes can vary depending on various factors, including food.

Decoding indicators

Deciphering indicators, this is a complex process that takes into account all the individual characteristics of the body.

the age of the patient;
sexuality;
Racial affiliation.

In an adult, the uric acid level can be elevated, but there should be no bacteria, fungi, dangerous microorganisms. The norm should indicate the absence of smell and any impurities. If there are changes, additional analyzes are required and more thorough diagnostic measures.

Sugar diabetes is a disease that can be monitored at home after the final diagnosis is established and all features are defined. For patients, it is recommended to conduct special tables in which you can see the dynamics of readings, as well as monitor the development of the disease.

If there are changes or deterioration of well-being, you need to go to the doctor who can alleviate the symptoms.

General urine analysis is a diagnostic minimum to determine the state of a person. Sugar diabetes is determined by urine laboratory studies, blood. The norm in this case is an individual dimension, to establish it, you need to take into account all the individual characteristics of the body.

To live a full life, be active and feel great, a person needs health. Therefore, each patient should carefully monitor the state of his body and, if any violation develops, immediately contact the doctor. For the timely detection of pathologies, there are various diagnostic methods, one of which is a urine test for MAU.

With the help of such a study, a doctor can detect a serious kidney disease at an early stage of its development. This diagnostic technique is not used in all cases, but only to determine a small number of diseases of the cardiovascular tract, endocrine system and kidneys. Today, together with you, we will try to find out what UIA analysis is and why it is needed. And finally, we will find out how the data of such a survey are deciphered.

What it is?

The abbreviation MAU itself is an abbreviation for a complex and long medical term – microalbuminuria. It means a significant increase in the content of albumin protein in the liquid secreted by a person. It turns out that the main task of UIA urine analysis is to measure the level of albumin in the patient's urine.

Everyone knows that our body consists of a large number of different substances of protein nature. Albumin also belongs to these biological compounds in its structural structure. The molecules of this protein are one of the many components of the blood, so they are normally found in the bloodstream.

An increased content of albumin in secretions is characteristic of pathologies associated with disruption of the main urinary organs – the kidneys. In the body of a healthy person, protein compounds are retained by the renal filtration system, although they are often detected in the trace residue during laboratory diagnostics of urine. Albumin molecules cannot pass through the tubules of the kidneys because they are too large. It interferes with the penetration of these proteins into urine and negative charge, as well as their further reabsorption in the renal tubular system.

Urinalysis for MAU allows you to determine the concentration of albumin in the excreted fluid. The output of these compounds with urine increases as a result of infectious and inflammatory damage to the tubules and glomeruli of the filtering organs, changes in the charge selectivity of these proteins. The greatest amount of albumin molecules is excreted from the body in diseases of the nephron (glomerulus) of the kidney itself. It increases with such serious disorders as vascular atherosclerosis, dysfunction of the filtering organs, as well as with diabetes mellitus.

Important! If the level of albumin protein in the secretions exceeds normal levels, this phenomenon is regarded as the initial stage in the development of vascular pathologies. Even in the case of a slight deviation, the patient is recommended to visit a specialist for a more thorough diagnosis and timely elimination of this problem.

Mau Study – Norm Indicators

The increased content of albumin proteins in the patient urine is considered a pathological sign. But such a deviation should not always be associated with the beginning of the development of severe illness.

In all healthy people in the urine, a slight concentration of microalbumin is determined. Normally, the smallest fractions of this protein penetrate through the filtration barrier of the kidneys, so the so-called "trace" of these compounds often detects in the released liquid. But the large molecules of such a substance can get into uriman only through damaged tubules or kidney nephrons.

The positive result of the urine analysis of MAU in a child always speaks about the presence of a certain agence in the body. In the norm of albumin in the released fluid in children, in general there should be practically no need. For adult men and women there are certain indicators of microalbuminuria, the values of which should not increase. The following figures testify about the normal operation of the urination channel:

Albumin – its concentration in the urine is normally 25-30 mg per day. If this protein in the sediment is sediments exceeds the permissible indicators – in a patient of microalbuminuria. Detection in daily urin 300-350 mg of protein compounds speaks about the development of proteinuria.
Microalbumin – this substance is detected in the portions of Urin, taken from the patient at all – that is, for one urination. Its normal significance is within 15-20 mg \ l.
The ratio of albumin to creatinine is determined in random and disposable portion of the released fluid. The norm of this proportion for the representatives of both sexes is different: men are up to 3.4-3.5; In women – up to 2.4-2.5. An increase in such an indicator is usually observed in the development of nephropathy symptoms in a patient.

Why increase the level of albumin in the discharge?

In a healthy patient, urine analysis on Mau should not show a result exceeding the common standards. But the data of such a study, the doctor may consider unreliable if during the diagnostics on the human condition affected the adverse factors. Change albumin indicators in Urin can specific states in which the habitual equilibrium of the body is disturbed. They can be caused by the features of nutrition, lifestyle and patient activity. Physiological causes of microalbuminuria is considered:

Excessively large body weight.
Psychological overload and negative impact of stress.
Constant use of products enriched with protein substances (for example, protein cocktails in men engaged in power sports – bodybuilding, weightlifting).
The use of individual groups of medicines: corticosteroids, antibacterial drugs, antifungal drugs.
Incixation of the body and strong dehydration.
Повышение показателей температуры при лихорадке.
Слишком тяжелый труд.
Патологии инфекционного характера, локализованные в органах мочевыделительного тракта.

Это естественные факторы, обуславливающие значительную микроальбуминурию в моче. Их действие на организм вызывает временное изменение, которое проходит через пару дней.

Патологические факторы

Стабильное увеличение значений этого белка в выделениях выше нормы говорит о патологических изменениях, происходящих в человеческом теле. Причиной такого нарушения могут стать следующие недуги:

Системная красная волчанка.
Amyloidosis.
Диабетическая и гипертензивная форма нефропатии.
Гнойное поражение почечной ткани – пиелонефрит.
Саркоидоз.
Наличие новообразований злокачественной и доброкачественной природы.
Повреждение нефронов и канальцев фильтрующих органов радиационным излучением.
Осложненная беременность с развитием нефропатии.
Поликистоз почек.
Гломерулонефрит.

Attention! Концентрация микроальбумина в анализе мочи МАУ повышается в основном у пожилых пациентов. При таком нарушении группу риска составляют диабетики, а также люди, страдающие атеросклерозом и другими тяжелыми патологиями сердечно-сосудистого тракта, почек.

Сдаем урину на исследование правильно

Как сдавать анализ мочи МАУ? От правильности действий пациента при сборе выделений для этой диагностики многое зависит. Как и при других обследованиях, взятую для определения микроальбумина урину, нужно поместить в стерильный контейнер. Перед тем, как собирать выделяемую жидкость, человек должен обязательно проследить за гигиеной своих гениталий и при необходимости тщательно подмыться. Женщинам во время месячных запрещается сдавать мочу на исследование МАУ.

Забор выделений для подобной диагностики следует выполнять согласно следующему плану:

Определяют концентрацию альбумина в урине, собранной в течение суток (24 часа). Эту процедуру принято начинать в 8 часов утра первого дня, а заканчивать в 8 утра второго.
Анализ мочи на МАУ иногда требует забора средней порции выделяемой жидкости. Это значит, что сначала нужно помочиться в унитаз, затем небольшим количеством урины наполнить баночку (не до краев, примерно 50-60 мл).
Если же для исследования собирается , то весь объем выделений помещается в общую посуду (обязательно стерилизованную). Содержат данный биоматериал в темном и достаточно прохладном месте.
Вся урина, выделенная за сутки пациентом, измеряется в миллилитрах. Результаты подсчетов вносятся в специальную графу на бланке с направлением.
Затем весь биологический материал перемешивается, чтобы осевшие на дне резервуара белковые вещества распределились в ней равномерно. В чистую посуду отливают до 80-100 мл жидкости, необходимой для проведения анализа МАУ.
Подготовленный непосредственно для исследования контейнер должен отправиться в лабораторию как можно быстрее. Оставшиеся выделения можно вылить – они больше не нужны.
Also on the referral form, the patient's body weight and height are indicated, since these indicators affect the amount of albumin in the urine. The specialist takes them into account when performing diagnostics.

Good to know! The level of albumin in urine may decrease slightly at night. At this time of day, a person is in a horizontal position, while his blood pressure somewhat decreases. Race also affects this indicator – in people with dark skin, a urine test will show a higher result.

Evaluation of the received data

In the course of this study, the doctor immediately receives two main indicators – this is the daily amount of microalbumin in secretions and the proportional ratio of albumin protein to creatinine. Sometimes, when performing MAU analysis, such a specific standard as the rate of albumin excretion is also used. All these values show the level of microalbuminuria, which manifests itself in three possible states of the patient. They are presented more clearly in the form of a table.

If, when deciphering the results of the UIA analysis, a normal concentration of protein components was found in the urine, it means that the patient’s health condition is satisfactory and he has nothing to worry about. The presence of a slight microalbuminuria may indicate a predisposition of the studied person to the development of hypertension or diabetes mellitus. Such a patient should be observed more closely to exclude the possible progression of such a disorder.

Sometimes a slight increase in MAU is observed in diabetics and hypertensive patients. After detecting this deviation, the doctor will prescribe the appropriate treatment to the patient, which is necessary to normalize the numbers of blood pressure, cholesterol and blood glucose levels. With the help of such measures, the probability of death of the patient is reduced by 50%.

When the decoding of the analysis showed the presence of severe macroalbuminuria, a complex of therapeutic measures is prescribed urgently. A number of examinations are being carried out, which includes determining the concentration of "heavy" protein compounds in urine, determining the type of proteinuria. A similar result often indicates serious damage to the kidney tissue.

Urinalysis for albumin should be performed at least once every 3-4 months, a maximum of once every six months. This diagnostic method is especially indicative for diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and kidney diseases. With its help, the doctor can draw up a general picture of the progression of the pathology, evaluate the effectiveness of the chosen therapeutic tactics.

Examinations prescribed by a doctor must be carried out without fail in strictly established terms. Determining the MAU indicator allows you to identify the presence of an ailment and take timely measures to eliminate it.The sooner you seek help, the easier the healing process will be.

A study to determine the presence in the urine of the main proteins of blood plasma – albumin. Proteins of this particular group in the first place begin to enter the urine with kidney disease. Their appearance in the urine is one of the earliest laboratory indicators of nephropathy.

Russian synonyms

Microalbumin in urine, microalbuminuria (MAU).

English synonyms

Research method

Units

mg/day (milligram per day).

What biomaterial can be used for research?

How to properly prepare for research?

Eliminate alcohol from the diet 24 hours before the study.
Exclude the use of diuretics 48 hours before passing urine (as agreed with the doctor).

General information about the study

Albumins are water-soluble proteins. They are synthesized in the liver and make up most of the proteins in the blood serum. In the body of a healthy person, only a small amount of albumin, which is the smallest in size, microalbumin, is normally excreted in the urine, since the renal glomeruli of an unaffected kidney are impermeable to larger molecules of albumin. At the initial stages of damage to the cell membranes of the renal glomerulus, more and more microalbumins are excreted in the urine, as the lesion progresses, larger albumins begin to be released. This process is divided into stages according to the amount of excreted proteins (from 30 to 300 mg / day, or from 20 to 200 mg / ml in the morning portion of urine, is considered to be microalbuminuria (MAU), and more than 300 mg / day – proteinuria). MAU always precedes proteinuria. However, as a rule, when proteinuria is detected in a patient, changes in the kidneys are already irreversible and treatment can only be aimed at stabilizing the process. At the MAU stage, changes in the glomeruli can still be stopped with the right therapy. Thus, microalbuminuria is understood as the excretion of albumin in the urine in an amount that exceeds the physiological level of its excretion, but precedes proteinuria.

In the development of nephropathy (both diabetic and caused by hypertension, glomerulonephritis), two periods are distinguished. The first is preclinical, during which it is almost impossible to detect any changes in the kidneys using traditional clinical and laboratory research methods. The second – clinically expressed nephropathy – advanced nephropathy with proteinuria and chronic renal failure. In this period, renal dysfunction can already be diagnosed. It turns out that only with the help of the determination of microalbumin in the urine, it is possible to identify the initial stage of nephropathy. In some kidney diseases, MAU very quickly turns into protenuria, but this does not apply to dysmetabolic nephropathies (DN). MAU may precede the manifestation of DN for several years.

Since DN and the resulting chronic renal failure (CRF) today occupy the first place in terms of prevalence among kidney diseases (in Russia, Europe, the USA), the determination of MAU in patients with type I and type II diabetes mellitus (DM) is most significant.

Early detection of DN is extremely important, as the possibility of slowing down the development of DN and renal failure has been proven. The only laboratory criterion that makes it possible to identify the preclinical stage of DN with a high degree of certainty is MAU.

It is advisable to prescribe an analysis for urine microalbumin at the initial signs of nephropathy in pregnant women, but in the absence of proteinuria (for differential diagnosis).

What is research used for?

For early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.
For the diagnosis of nephropathy in systemic diseases (secondary nephropathy) that occurs with prolonged hypertension, congestive heart failure.
To monitor kidney function in the treatment of various types of secondary nephropathy (primarily DN).
For the diagnosis of nephropathy during pregnancy.
To detect early stages of nephropathy due to glomerulonephritis, inflammatory and cystic kidney disease (primary nephropathy).
To detect impaired renal function in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, amyloidosis.

When is the study scheduled?

For newly diagnosed type II diabetes (and then every 6 months).
With type I diabetes mellitus lasting more than 5 years (1 time in 6 months is mandatory).
In diabetes mellitus in children at an early age, with a labile course of diabetes mellitus (frequent decompensation: ketosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia), after 1 year from the onset of the disease.
With prolonged, especially uncompensated arterial hypertension, congestive heart failure, accompanied by specific edema.
During pregnancy with symptoms of nephropathy (if a general urinalysis showed the absence of proteinuria).
In the differential diagnosis of the early stages of glomerulonephritis.
With systemic lupus erythematosus, amyloidosis for early diagnosis of specific kidney damage that accompanies these diseases.

What do the results mean?

Reference values: 0 – 30 mg/day.

Reasons for increasing the level of microalbumin:

dysmetabolic nephropathy,
nephropathy caused by hypertension, heart failure,
reflux nephropathy,
radiation nephropathy,
early stage glomerulonephritis,
pyelonephritis,
hypothermia,
renal vein thrombosis,
polycystic kidney disease,
nephropathy in pregnancy
systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus nephritis),
kidney amyloidosis,
multiple myeloma.

A decrease in the level of microalbumin is not diagnostically significant.

What can influence the result?

The excretion of albumin in the urine increases:

dehydration,
High protein diet,
diseases leaking with increasing body temperature,
Inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract (cystitis, urethritis).

Selection of albumin with urine reduce:

excess hydration
Low protein diet,
Reception of inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (captopril, enalapril, etc.),
Reception of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Common protein in urine
Creatine in daily urine
Urea in daily urine
Rebarga's test (Endogenous Creatinine clearance)

Who appoints a study?

Nephrologist, therapist, endocrinologist, urologist, general practitioner, gynecologist.