A healthy intestine is cheerfulness, a beautiful appearance, clean skin, a slim figure and the ability to resist infections and malicious bacteria. What to do during the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction?

Intestinal obstruction: causes, symptoms, diagnostics

With all its imaginary simplicity – tubes for the excretion of slag – the intestine plays the most important function to ensure human activity. This longest body (in the aggregate thick and small intestine can reach lengths of more than 6 meters in an adult) not only helps to transport and remove food residues, but also digest food, absorbing nutrients and supplying human them. Many people do not realize that the strength of our immune system, helps to fight infections, also largely depends on the health of the intestine. In addition, it has a synthesis of some important vitamins and hormones.

A healthy intestine is cheerfulness, a beautiful appearance, clean skin, a slim figure and the ability to resist infections and malicious bacteria.

Classification

Nevertheless, quite often in clinical practice in patients who applied to the doctor with complaints of pain and bloating, detect intestinal obstruction – the pathology in which the normal movement of the food lump in the intestinal tube ceases or disturbs. Depending on the origin, without going into medical details, the obstruction of the intestine can be mechanical and dynamic.

According to the nature of the disease, there are most often allocated for acute and chronic forms. In rare cases, the newborn meets the congenital form of intestinal obstruction due to malformations of intrauterine development, in some patients who have undergone operations – adhesive form.

Symptoms

Symptoms of intestinal obstruction should know every person, since in most cases this pathology requires rapid surgical treatment.

A person who for one or another reasons was disturbed by the intestinal peristalsis and stopped the movement of partially digested stomach dietary mass, suddenly feels grapple-shaped pain of different power in the stomach. Pains are accompanied by nausea and multiple vomiting. At first, diarrhea may be observed (parts of the intestine are empty below the obstacle), the separation of gases and stool is difficult. Fully, right up to disgust for food, there is no appetite. If the medical assistance did not follow in time, somewhere through the day of the intestinal motor (together with the characteristic ration) can be ceased at all, there is a strong blown of the abdomen with overvoltage of the muscles, blood pressure is reduced, it is observed by the increase in cardiac rhythm, the fee of the fence and dry language is observed, the work of many organs and systems.This condition is extremely dangerous and can lead, if left untreated, to irreversible consequences.

Signs of chronic obstruction are similar, but less intense and pronounced: periodically the patient experiences bloating, constipation, compressive pain in the abdomen of low intensity. Symptoms resolve with medication and a special diet.

Mechanical and dynamic obstruction

Mechanical intestinal obstruction is caused in the body by the so-called volvulus of the intestines (from which a knot may even form), caused by food overload or heavy physical exertion on the abdominal muscles (especially immediately after eating). Often the causative agent is a strangulated hernia in the hernial orifice or adhesive disease – in more than half of all cases. Obstruction can also be caused by a banal blockage (food masses or fecal stones that have fallen into a foreign body, some types of parasites). Another common cause is obturation of the intestinal lumen by a cancerous tumor.

Concerning dynamic obstruction, then it is a consequence of violations of the innervation of the intestinal walls caused by diseases of other human organs and systems (with tumors, brain injuries, paralysis, strokes and other severe disorders of the central nervous system, in violation of the chemical composition and water-salt balance in the body, severe forms of poisoning, etc.). The motor function of the intestine can also decrease or even stop when there is a lack of potassium in the body (hypokalemia), which nourishes the muscle fibers and gives them the opportunity (including in the intestinal walls) to contract and move.

The most important thing that a person who has encountered similar symptoms should remember is a signal for an urgent call to a doctor. People often mistake signs of obstruction for an exacerbation or the occurrence of other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and try to cope with them on their own, which should never be done. Painkillers, antispasmodics, herbal decoctions, or the abuse of laxatives to relieve the condition, with some types of obstruction, can significantly aggravate the patient's condition.

The lack of examination and appropriate treatment, as well as relying only on traditional medicine, can lead to serious complications: the intestine is “completely blocked” with overstretching of its wall, up to the risk of intestinal perforation and fecal peritonitis. The outcome of this degree of the disease is, at best, disability with a removed part of the intestine and a colostomy brought out to the anterior abdominal wall, and at worst, lethal.

Diagnosis and treatment

When making a diagnosis, the surgeon, in addition to symptoms, must study the medical history to exclude pathologies with similar symptoms: appendicitis, peptic ulcer, acute cholecystitis, gynecological inflammatory processes in women.Additional types of surveys are appointed: laboratory tests, ultrasound, irrigoscopy, colonoscopy or reorganoConoscopy. A good informative method is a radiographic study with an intestinal passability check in dynamics. For proper diagnosis of intestinal obstruction, important features are the degree of blinking of the abdomen and dehydration of the body, the frequency and intensity of the "ration" – peristaltic noise. Only the specialist will be able to decide whether there will be a conservative treatment (siphon units, evacuation of the contents of the stomach and the upper intestinal departments using special probes, drip administration of special drugs).

If the patient's condition has not come to improve the patient, the main symptoms remained, the extension of gases and the chair did not resume – the urgent surgical operation is shown. The operation helps to quickly and effectively eliminate the cause of the ocean of the intestine and is carried out under general anesthesia. The timing of the restoration of the normal operation of the gastrointestinal tract after such an intervention is about two weeks.

During the postoperative period, except for antibiotic therapy and the normalization of the impaired water-salt metabolism, a special diet is assigned: first broth, kisyli and fastened protein food, later – products shown for all people with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The diet provides the most gentle mode for the intestine: frequent and fractional nutrition, no coarse fibers and extreme temperatures (too hot or cold food), minimum salt and spices, a lot of liquid, ban on products that contribute to constipation and meteorism (beans, mushrooms, smoked meteorism, Fatty food, apples, fresh dries, some dairy products, etc.)

Specific prevention measures To eliminate the likelihood of intestinal obstruction, there is simply no – a wide range of reasons that can cause this disease. But a healthy sense of meal in nutrition, in the distribution of physical exertion, no self-treatment and periodic clinical examination will contribute to the preservation of intestinal health and intestinal health for many years.