The activity of a forensic expert is connected with medicine and forensic science. Description of the profession, where to study, salary, pros and cons of this profile are of interest
Description of the profession of a forensic scientist – where to study, salary, pros and cons
The activity of a forensic expert is connected with medicine and forensic science. Description of the profession, where to study, salary, the pros and cons of this profile are of interest to applicants. When choosing a profile of future activity, it is worth considering the features of the profession. It is important to know what qualities a good specialist of this profile has, what difficulties one has to face in everyday activities.
History reference
The profession of a forensic expert appeared at the end of the last century, becoming a separate medical specialty. People in ancient times used knowledge of doctors to solve crimes. Scientists found the first mention of an autopsy to determine the cause of violent death in the treatises of Indian healers, which were written in the 1st century BC. e.
In China, the first manual on the use of medical methods to solve crimes was issued. This work was called Notes on Washing Off Offenses, which was dated to the 13th century AD. e.
In Europe, such activities were prohibited by the church, therefore, in matters of forensic examination in these lands, development lagged noticeably behind. It is not surprising that in such conditions it was possible to systematize knowledge about the structure of the human body only in 1621.
This was done by the Italian Paolo Tsakhia. His book was called Forensic Questions.
Unofficially, he is considered the founder of the modern specialty. But active research in this direction began to be conducted only in the last century.
Distinctive features
There is a range of certain duties that a forensic expert performs in his work. Where to study, what are the advantages and disadvantages of this profession, you need to find out even before entering a university. It is worth noting that this specialist is engaged in a slightly different activity than a criminologist and a pathologist.
Forensic doctor collects information from material evidence, for example, from a knife with which a person was killed. His task is to find the correspondence of the inflicted injuries to the weapons used. A criminalist can search for fingerprints, collect physical evidence at a crime scene. They also take pictures of the corpse, conduct fingerprinting.
Pathologist working in a hospital. Its task is to establish the reason why a person died. Cases that do not involve violent death fall within the scope of his competence.
Medical Examiner Gathers Evidence During Investigation, чтобы можно было понять, почему произошла смерть, найти преступника и доказать его вину.
На основе сделанного этим специалистом заключения проводится дальнейшее расследование. Улики, собранные подобным способом, рассматриваются в суде.
Профессиональные обязанности
Существует определенный спектр обязанностей, которые вменяются специалисту судмедэкспертизы. Работа судебного эксперта в России заключается в следующем:
- Проведение вскрытия для установления причины смерти.
- Эксгумация тела, если были сделаны ошибки при первичном вскрытии или при установлении новых обстоятельств в деле.
- Проведение осмотра живых людей для установления степени тяжести повреждений, например, «снятие побоев».
- Экспертиза для установления обстоятельств преступления.
- Проведение лабораторных исследований, в том числе с применением сложных методик, которые нужны для определения деталей произошедшего.
Судебно-медицинская служба — отдельная организация. Ее сотрудники занимаются исследованием трупов людей, которые умерли вне стен больницы. Единственным исключением являются дела, в которых пациент умер в первые сутки после поступления в стационар.
Подобное говорит о наступлении смерти не по вине врачей. Если человек умер дома, вскрытие проводит именно судмедэксперт.
Категории специалистов
Существует много направлений в деятельности судебного эксперта. Выбор специализации напрямую зависит от имеющихся у человека навыков и умений. На основе этого определяется место работы, и даже учреждение получения образования. Бывают следующие направления в этой профессии:
- Судмедэксперт. Представитель судебной медицины, который выдает свидетельство о смерти с ответом на все вопросы следствия. Он устанавливает орудие смерти, причину гибели. При необходимости он проводит дополнительные исследования или обращается за помощью к профильным специалистам.
- Laberante. Эта работа требует прохождения узкоспециализированного обучения. Специалисты направления часто имеют докторскую или кандидатскую степень, высшую квалификацию. Это врачи, которые проводят биохимические, бактериологические, генетические и прочие исследования в лаборатории.
- Psychologist. Эксперт исследует психику подозреваемого, изучает процессы, состояния, механизмы в этой области. Он работает с подозреваемым, свидетелями, потерпевшими (если они остались живы). В своей деятельности психолог выясняет, способен ли человек адекватно оценивать реальность, как он реагирует на ситуации. Он также определяет, нет ли у фигурантов дела психических заболеваний.
- Полиграфолог. Этот эксперт использует в своей деятельности полиграф. Это крайняя мера, когда установить истину не удается другими способами. Специалист не только должен уметь работать на «детекторе лжи», но и применять знания о психофизиологических реакциях человека в практических целях.It also estimates verbal, visual signals that the subject gives during the study.
There are other directions, but they are rare. For example, it can be a building forensic space. This allows you to control the process of erection of objects, checks the information presented in permits for a similar type of activity.
This specialist establishes why there was a failure in work, which caused damage and injuries of employees.
Basic skills
Before submitting documents to a university for study on a similar specialty, it is worth learn about the main skills and skills that are often required in the work of Libyspeart. They may differ depending on the selected profile. The main skills are as follows:
- Conducting an opening within the forensic medical process.
- Taking material for laboratory research and expertise.
- Work with reagents, profile equipment, tools.
- Compliance with the sanitary and epidemiological regime, hygiene and safety regulations.
- Participation in litigation.
- Filling out medical records.
To become a specialist of this direction, a higher medical education will be required.
You also need to receive a certificate in the field of forensic medicine. It will be necessary to take exams for the knowledge of the legal aspects of such work.
The process of obtaining qualifications
To get the right to work in the field of forensic examination, you need to learn from the doctor in the specialty "Therapeutic Case" or "Pediatrics". It is important to carefully choose where to do. It is necessary to immediately decide in which direction of the profession to develop a career.
Medical universities of the relevant profile are in many major cities of the country, for example, in Moscow, St. Petersburg. Upon admission to the reception office, pay attention to the scam points. It is important to obtain high grades for profile subjects. Usually such are biology, chemistry and Russian.
It is worth considering that the demanded professionals in the field of forensic examination never cease to learn ever. They are constantly expanding knowledge, mastering new techniques and technologies.
In the university you need to decide which profile will be in the future for a specialist mainly to teach in-depth relevant disciplines. After passing the course of training, the specialist passes Long path on the career ladder:
- Together with the diploma, the graduate receives accreditation. For this you need to pass tests and exams, pass the interview in the Commission, which consists of professors and doctors of sciences.
- Having received accreditation, the specialist will be able to receive an appointment in the future in the future or in the clinic. But the activities for the post of forenswhelter for a graduate still remains inaccessible.
- After spending a year in an ambulance or clinic (necessarily), the specialist enters the residency. Training in the specialty "Forensic Medicine" lasts 2 years.
Salary of a specialist
How much does the forenswicpert earn, depends on the region's work and qualifications of the specialist. Middle income is depending on the city from 72 to 95 thousand rubles. Additional benefits and surcharges for employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs are possible.
But this is true for highly qualified specialists. At the initial stage of career, they receive from 25 to 30 thousand rubles.
Advantages and disadvantages
The profession of forensic examination has advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of it are as follows:
- Decent salary level.
- Work no more than 6 hours a day.
- Constant development, mastering new techniques.
- No need to receive and personally communicate with patients.
Among the shortcomings it is worth noting its harm. You can get infected with infections and viruses, you have to work with formal one every day. Need physical strength, psychological and moral stability. We have to participate in litigation and engage in paper work.
Weighing all the pros and cons, you can take the right decision to choose a future specialty. Judicial medical examination is an interesting, but complex and quite dangerous work that is far from every person.