Подвиг медиков в годы Великой Отечественной Войны Сложно переоценить вклад медиков в победу во время Великой Отечественной Войны. Каждый советский человек старался приложить максимум усилий,

Подвиг медиков в годы Великой Отечественной Войны

Сложно переоценить вклад медиков в победу во время Великой Отечественной Войны. Каждый советский человек старался приложить максимум усилий, чтобы прогнать фашистский захватчиков с Родной земли. Врачи и медицинский персонал не стали исключением. С первых дней войны они спасали бойцов, не жалея себя. Вытаскивали раненых с поля боя и оперировали по нескольку суток без сна — все это ради достижения одной цели. Victory.

Начало Великой Отечественной Войны не застало медиков врасплох. Предшествующие военные действия на Дальнем Востоке и в Монголии заставило серьезно задуматься о подготовке к войне. Еще в 1933 году в Ленинграде состоялась первая конференция хирургии СССР. На ней обсуждались вопросы хирургической обработки ран, переливания крови, травматического шока В период с 1940 по 1941 года были разработаны документы, регулирующие медицинскую деятельность во время боевых действий. Среди них «Тезисы по санитарной тактике», «Наставление по санитарной службе в Красной Армии» и инструкции по неотложной хирургии.

Когда ситуация в мире начала накаляться, инициировал подбор материалов к составлению инструкций и указаний по хирургии:

«У нас существуют десятки хирургических школ и направлений. В случае войны может возникнуть разброд в организации медицинской помощи и методах лечения раненых. Этого допустить нельзя.»

Озаботившись подобным заявлением, с 1941 года преподаватели стали обучать студентов основам хирургии. Новое поколение врачей изучало технику гипсования, скелетное вытяжение, переливание крови и первичную обработку ран. 9 мая 1941 года был введен в действие «Сборник положений об учреждениях санитарной службы военного времени». Таким образом, к началу Великой Отечественной Войны медицинское обеспечение войск имело вполне сложившуюся систему.

Сразу после начала войны на фронт были отправлены самые опытные хирурги и высококвалифицированных медицинские сестры. Но вскоре очередь дошла и до резерва. Рук не хватало. Врач вспоминает:

«В июле 1941 года мне предложили выехать на сортировочный эвакогоспиталь, расположенный в Ярославле, где я должен был занять должность ведущего хирурга." Особую роль в системе оказания медицинской помощи играли госпитали глубокого тыла. В городах они развертывались с расчетом на быстрое рассредоточение раненых по специализированным учреждениям. Это способствовало быстрейшему выздоровлению раненых и возвращению их в строй. Одним из таких пунктов был город Казань.

Мало пишут о подвиге врачей этих госпиталей. Оперировали они ежедневно без выходных.As soon as one operation ended, another followed. If there were not enough surgeons in the city, then the doctors had to move from one hospital to another in order to perform the next operation. A short break for them was a joy, and one could only dream of a weekend.

Throughout 1941, doctors had a hard time. The lack of practical experience and the retreat of the Soviet troops affected. Only at the beginning of 1942 did the situation stabilize. The system of delivery, distribution and treatment of the wounded was properly established. During the year of hostilities, the need to inform physicians about the development of hostilities was identified. Therefore, in the fall of 1942, Order No. 701 was issued. The sanitary commanders had to be systematically and timely oriented in changing the combat situation. The experience of the first year of the war made it possible to outline ways to improve the country's military medicine.

About half of all medical personnel of the Armed Forces during the Great Patriotic War were women. A significant part of which were sanitary instructors and nurses. Being on the front line, they played a special role in helping the wounded soldiers. From the first days of the war, girls pulled soldiers from the other world, not sparing themselves. So, on August 1, 1941, in the evening message of the Sovinformburo, it was reported about distinguished nurses. About M. Kulikova, who saved the tanker, despite her own injury. About K. Kudryavtseva and E. Tikhomirova, who marched in the same ranks with the soldiers and assisted the wounded under fire. Tens of thousands of girls, having mastered medical knowledge, went to field hospitals and hospitals to save Soviet soldiers. a former armor-piercer recalls:

“… It used to be that the battle was still going on, mines were exploding, bullets were whistling, and girls with sanitary bags on their sides were already crawling along the front line, in trenches and trenches. They are looking for the wounded, trying to provide first aid as quickly as possible, hide in a safe place, and transport them to the rear.”

The feat of doctors during the Great Patriotic War is difficult to describe in one article. And it is absolutely impossible to list them all by name. In this article, we will talk only about a small fraction of the feats that the girls accomplished. We will try to reveal the life story of as many Heroines as possible in separate articles.

The first person I would like to talk about is Tamara Kalnin. On September 16, 1941, a nurse evacuated the wounded to the hospital. On the way, an ambulance was fired upon by a fascist plane. The driver was killed, the car caught fire. Tamara Kalnin pulled all the wounded out of the car, receiving serious burns. Having reached the medical battalion on foot, she reported what had happened and reported the whereabouts of the wounded. Tamara Kalnin later died from burns and blood poisoning.

Zoya Pavlova – medical officer of the intelligence company. In February 1944, she carried the wounded from the battlefield, placing them in a funnel. At the next call, Zoya Pavlova noticed that the Germans were approaching the funnel.Rising to her full height, the medical officer threw a grenade at them. Zoya Petrova is dead. But the wounded soldiers in the crater were saved.

And the third Heroine Valeria Gnarovskaya. In the autumn of 1943, battles were fought on the banks of the Dnieper. The Germans were driven out of the village of Verbovaya. A company of soldiers moved out of the village, but came under machine-gun fire. The Nazis retreated, but among the Soviet soldiers there were many killed and wounded. Having pitched tents for the wounded before being sent to the hospital, the troops moved on. Valeria Gnarovskaya remained with the wounded. At dawn, cars with a red cross were waiting, but with the sunrise, a fascist Tiger tank appeared from the rear. Gnarovskaya, without hesitation, collected bags of grenades from the wounded. Hung with them, she rushed under the tracks. Valeria died, but at the cost of her own life she saved 70 wounded soldiers.

Over the years of the war, thanks to the medical staff, more than 70% of the wounded and more than 90% of the sick soldiers returned to duty. 116 thousand doctors were awarded orders and medals. 47 of them became Heroes of the Soviet Union, 17 of whom were women.