Application of the principle of biological feedback (BOS) in clinical practice Course No. 71355 - Allergy Medicine

Application of the principle of biological feedback (BOS) in clinical practice

In the modern world, the study of the psycho-physiological properties of a person is extremely important that manifest itself in a given professional activity and has an impact on the quality and effectiveness of such activities. It is these properties that are dominant when determining the reliability and performance of a person, the current mental state, how satisfied with it is difficult and what his psychophysiological resources have.

Taking into account the fact that the activities of the body and its systems are subordinate to the work of the brain, the dependence of mental activities on the functional state of the brain and physiological systems of the body is particularly pronounced. That is why an important role in the analysis of professional activity is given to a psychophysiological functional person, as well as methods of their regulation, among which biological feedback (BOS) occupies a special place.

The BOS method (has a lot of titles: adaptive biocopulation, bioreability, the method of operant determination, etc.) is the most modern method of rehabilitation, which aimed at the activation of the internal reserves of the body (precisely reserves of the organism itself) in order to restore or improving existing physiological skills.

With us there are many moments that are in our subconscious, which we do not notice in principle, which, as it were, we use, although they could noticeably facilitate our existence, improve the efficiency of our body, to protect against negative impacts. All these moments studies such a direction of psychology as neuro-linguistic programming (NLP), which in turn is both practical psychology. We all know that every day of our life is filled with a large number of both pleasant and unpleasant events that provoke emotions of varying degrees of strength. After all, it is no secret that our body uses certain mechanisms to maintain its internal environment in constancy. In the same way, the psyche seeks to restore equilibrium in any situation.

Thus, it is self-regulation that acts not only at the level of the body, but also at the level of the psyche, it is a kind of systemic process, the relationship that provides adequate conditions variability, the flexibility of the viability of the body.

The purpose of the work provided is to trace the relationship of biological feedback in the clinical practice and psycho-physiological aspects of the performance of personnel employed in the enterprise under study.To achieve the goal, we need to solve a number of tasks, namely:

Determine the essence of the concepts of "rehabilitation".
Investigate the effect of mastering self-regulation skills on psycho-physiological aspects of performance.
To analyze the international experience of rehabilitation of people due to occupational diseases.
Suggest ways to improve the quality of professional activities.
Assess the effectiveness of the rehabilitation of people with existing professional diseases.

The object of research is citizens with professional diseases and disabled.

The subject is the connection of biological feedback in the clinical practice and psycho-physiological aspects of personnel performance, with the level of mastering the skills of self-regulation.

As sources of information in the study used:

– data of state statistics;

– data on the disabled and the dynamics of the development of disabilities and the processes of their rehabilitation contained in state reports "on the situation of persons with disabilities in the Russian Federation";

– Regulatory and legislative framework of the Russian Federation on disability disabilities and rehabilitation.

Coursework will consist of the following sections: Introduction, two chapters, conclusion and list of literature used.

Chapter 1 Biological feedback as a treatment method and its use in psychology and medicine

1.1 Concept of biological feedback method

Biological feedback method (in English sources as BiofeedBack – Baiofidbek, then in the text of the BOS) – this is a modern method of rehabilitation in the broad sense of the word, which represents the entire procedure set, when conducting a person through special technical devices (the so-called external return chain Communication) Information about the state of one or another function of its own organism is transmitted. Based on the information obtained, the person himself can include the mechanisms of its self-regulation and purposefully use the large functionality of its body in order to improve its functions in the standard norm (strengthening its health) and adjusting the activities of the violated (if available) functions under existing pathology. [one]

Regulation of involuntary functions of the body, such as vegetative, is carried out by such a system as homeostasis in accordance with the claimed needs of our body. By introducing an external artificially created feedback through a visual, auditory or tactile human analyzer, it is provided with information about changing its vegetative functions, which allows you to bring to the level of its consciousness and, accordingly, make the necessary dynamics of an indicator that requires adjustment. Thus, a person is given the opportunity to independently search for ways of directional impact on the mechanisms of regulating their own vegetative functions.

The history of the method of Bos has about forty years, however, a sharp scientific breakthrough of this healing technology falls during the development of electronics, computer equipment and innovative technologies. In overseas health practice, this method began its use in gastroenterology and yorkiology since the 60s of the 19th century. A little later developed and implemented methods of BOS used to treat nerve and eye diseases and used for the rehabilitation of patients with orthopedic diseases.

Today, the method of biological feedback (BOS) has quite widely found its application, both in Russia and abroad. The introduction and formation of BOS technology (first it was called the method of adaptive bio-admin, the method of functional biocopulation and other terms) in Russia directly connected with the work of the domestic company "Biosvyaz", which was established in St. Petersburg in 1988. Currently, this is already a closed joint-stock company "Biosvyaz", which is recognized in Russia and abroad the leader in biological feedback technologies, it is known as a developer and as a manufacturer of original products of world-class – BOS complexes, as well as a well-known simulator BOS "Breathing " (picture 1). The bulk of this company does not have world analogues.

Already in 1996, in our country, the Russian Biological Feedback Association was created. The creation of this Association was caused by the need to expand and deepen existing knowledge and scientific research in the field of biological feedback, as well as the introduction of BOS technology already in broader practice not only health, but also education, social work, as well as the popularization of the BOS method among extensive segments of the population , preparation of the publication of scientific and popular science literature in this field of science. Under the auspices of the Association and with the support of CJSC Biosvyaz, 22 All-Russian Forum "Health of Russia and Biological Feedback" were held. From the first day of the founding of the Russian Association of Bos, its permanent president is one of the founders of domestic technology Bos A.A. Smetanekin.

Figure 1 Indicators of the action of "BOS-Health" sessions

1.2 Methods of impact of bos on the human body

The BOS method is a treatment using special equipment for registration without pharmacological intervention, in order to strengthen and illustrate demonstration to the patient information about its physiological state. BOS is provided by supplying sound (visual) signals about long-term current information on physiological reactions and parameters, for example: muscle voltage (EMG-BOS), heart rate (DAS-BOS), skin temperature (temperature bos), brain bioelectric activity (EEG -Bos).The history of the method of Bos has about forty years, however, a sharp scientific breakthrough of this healing technology falls during the development of electronics, computer equipment and innovative technologies. In overseas health practice, this method began its use in gastroenterology and yorkiology since the 60s of the 19th century. A little later developed and implemented methods of BOS used to treat nerve and eye diseases and used for the rehabilitation of patients with orthopedic diseases.

Figure 1 Indicators of the action of "BOS-Health" sessions

1.2 Methods of impact of bos on the human body

The main objective of this method is to teach the patient his self-regulation. Self-regulation with biofeedback is associated with an increase in the influence of the cerebral cortex (neocortex) and, possibly, with its development (neocortical dynamics), it facilitates the maintenance of homeostasis at many existing levels and at the same time affects the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system of our body, on the balance between the ongoing processes in the subcortical formations, in the limbic system and the cortex, the balance between the two hemispheres of the human brain. Thus, biofeedback increases the role of the prefontal cerebral cortex, which, using the method of observation and planning, helps to achieve better control over the external and internal world of the body, makes it possible to address the future and plan accordingly.

This method is based on the principle of information transformation, which is received with the help of specially installed sensors, from the human body (electrical physiological signals) converted into an image or sound, i.e. into feedback signals. Sensors on the body are such special devices that have electrically conductive elements called electrodes, which are located in certain areas of the human body and are able to capture very slight electrical vibrations that exist in any living organism. Thus, physiological signals, which are called the electrical activity of the muscles, the electrical activity of the brain, the electrical activity of the heart, are recorded by special sensors and then they are processed by the computer, after which you can see a schematic representation (drawing) of the electrical activity of the studied cells of a certain organ (group of organs) our body (for example, brain waves – an electroencephalogram).This physiological pattern will be understandable only to a specialist in this field of science, therefore, the signal processed using computer technology is converted into a simple game plot that can be controlled independently by the subject by changing his state and keeping these changes at a given parameter (Fig. 2).

In the future, based on the information received, the subject under the guidance of a specialist with the help of universal techniques and hardware complexes develops the skills of his self-control and self-regulation, i.e. its ability to arbitrarily change the physiological function of the body to correct the current state. In this case, the patient already becomes an active link in the chain of the treatment process.

Figure 2. Schematic block diagram of a device that implements the biofeedback method: 1 – patient; 2 – a sensor that perceives changes in the state of the body, 3 – a block for generating a feedback signal; 4 – block for presenting a feedback signal and a reference signal to the patient.

The main conditions for conducting a BFB examination, and later therapy based on it, are, first of all, a clear and understandable instruction of the therapist and the formation of conditions for the patient to motivate him to correctly perform the set of exercises. In accordance with the task that exactly needs to be worked out by the patient, the corresponding instruction is formed and implemented. For example, it is necessary to increase the activity of a muscle deformed after a limb fracture. In this case, the instruction may look like this: “Try to contract the muscle in such a way that the value of the light column on the monitor screen grows and exceeds the set level. Exceeding this threshold will be marked by a corresponding sound or light signal. This will mean that you are doing the exercise correctly. As we can see, the instruction should be short, clear and, most importantly, understandable to both the instructor and the patient.The patient will have an associative connection: I work with a muscle, the column dynamics grows as a reaction to this contraction, and at a certain level, an approving sound or light signal is turned on.

The main task of BFB methods is to stimulate the patient to perform the exercise correctly. To do this, he needs to create an appropriate motivation, the so-called strong motivating reason. The connection between the motivational factor and the effectiveness (efficiency) of the applied method of treatment, or the restoration of the human body, is the most direct, i.e. the higher the level of motivation, the more effective the training will be and, therefore, the faster the desired result will be achieved from it. As a starting mechanism of motivation, a wide variety of all kinds of computer games, various ways of encouraging, giving examples of the final result when all instructions are followed, comfortable conditions for conducting biofeedback sessions are widely used. It is the right motivation that helps a person ultimately fulfill himself, reveal his hidden potential. Thanks to the information that is obtained with the help of existing technical means, a person can calculate his training regimen, perform the planned exercises in the most optimal and effective way for himself. This implies the high efficiency of the biofeedback method, the possibility of adjusting these methods for specific situations and patients.

The BFB-therapy session itself, as a rule, is built according to the standard principle of changing periods of load and rest, which in turn allows you to avoid premature overwork and loss of interest in a person in the initial stages. Periods of work are determined individually and usually last from 3 minutes and no more than 10 minutes, depending on the physical and mental characteristics of a particular person and, of course, the ultimate goal of this type of training.All bos-therapy courses are formed from certain sessions. The initial, usually the longest and intensive course of this therapy is usually up to 40 sessions with a frequency of 2 to 3 times weekly. In turn, the duration of the session is from 30 to 60 minutes, again in direct dependence on how the occupation is built (from which types of therapy it consists), which is determined by the ultimate goal and state of the person at the stage of the appointment of this type of therapy.

1.3 Biological feedback in medicine and psychology

Over the past ten years, the use of Bos technology in our country has brought huge positive results: a very large number of people received a real opportunity not only to restore, but also to strengthen their health.

Today, the BOS method very easily finds its active application not only in pediatrics, but also in therapy in adults. The Bos method itself is quite universal in nature and therefore it is successfully used in such directions as: medicine, education and social sphere. If more objective, then is an allergology, gastroenterology, speech therapy, gynecology, cardiology, sports medicine, pulmonology, otolaryngology, rehabilitation after injured, psychotherapy, psychiatry, neurology, psychology, drug physiology, dermatology, ophthalmology, traumatology, urology, surgery, proctology .

For a clearer understanding of the method we studied, consider the most popular areas of its use in the field of medicine. Thus, the BOS method is actively used in the functional correction of the central nervous system, diseases of the cardiovascular system, the bronchopile apparatus and the restoration of the motor activity of various muscle groups of the human body. Also, this method was quite effective in the treatment of diseases such as: heart arrhythmias, hypertension, migraines, some diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, diseases of the musculoskeletal system.

In our opinion, the most promising, in demand and efficient direction of this method is neurotherapy. This is a specific version of the BOS method, in which the elected rhythms of the electroencephalogram (EEG) in various combinations are subjected to modifications by conditionaloreflector determination, depending on the nature and severity of the severity of the existing violation. Currently, BOS – protocols have already been developed to correct such syndromes as: violations of attention and hyperactivity, post-stroke and post-traumatic disorders, epileptic syndromes, alcoholism and drug addiction. The neurotherapy itself is successfully used in various psycho-emotional disorders (insomnia, anxiety, depression, memory violations, emotional instability, increased fatigue), which are a consequence of severe stress, including chronic. The ultimate goal of this therapy is an effective self-regulation and self-reconnaissance of the most important physiological functions of the body, its organs.

For the use of bos-therapy in urognectological practice, testimony are various types of urine incontinence in both children and adults; Syndromes of pelvic relaxation or output syndrome of the walls of the vagina, various sexual dysfunctions in women (as an example of vaginism, decrease in orgasm); Prevention of preventing urine incontinence in women in the postpartum period, when passing pathological and traumatic genera. Moreover, as an example, the strengthening of the pelvic bottom muscles according to the developed method of Bos stimulates the improvement of the quality of sexual life in both men and women.

Perfection and correction of motor coordinations of a person, the possibility of the BOS method is almost impossible. This, for example, not only the formation of laid posture in children of preschool and school age, but also treatment of different degrees.

The stabilographic method of biological feedback is used in children's cerebral paralysis.This method is based on the stake-refinery enrichment of the ascending afferent flow into the CNS signals of targeted patient motor acts, which contributes to a more rapid formation of new functional bonds, which are the basis for the formation of motor skills as such, developing on the subconscious level of the new proper stereotype of movements with a stabilograf. Using the reverse alarm function, the patient is experimenting "looking for" the necessary sensations of the "correct" movement subconsciously fixes it by holding repeated moves to the level of achieving the normalization of the specified feedback parameters and thus the full motor automatism is achieved. As a result, the presence of continuous control of the levels (thresholds) of the reversed motor activity of the feedback signal provided by the special hardware complex, the existing degree of information significance entering the motor afforentation brain, efficiently increases and becomes more specific and targeted for a particular patient. Thus, the main principle of local addressing and motivation is already under the stage of taking motor prompting and afferent synthesis.

It must be remembered that the clinical application of the BOS method requires, first of all, individualization in close dependence on the type of existing disease and the state of the patient at the time of the appointment of a method of BOS, including its psychological and emotional health. Among other things, this method involves constant communication with the doctor's patient, which is highly qualified in this area, which, first of all, it is necessary for the directional correction of the patient's actions in the first stages of applying the methodology for self-regulation and the formation of the necessary motivation to the stages of treatment or restoring its body . Having these methodological difficulties, including due to the relatively high cost of the specified special equipment, the BOS method has not yet entered a wide clinical network of free medical care and use at home.

However, due to the investment policy of health care, this method is already successfully used in a number of medical institutions as in the process of training athletes, in preventive and hygienic purposes, in the system of exercises of autogenous training at home, medical and health facilities and sanatoriums. In addition to the above-mentioned method, the BOS method includes: the development of creative abilities, speech, memory, attention; psychotherapy; effective stress management; correction of border states caused by the uncontrolled influence of chronic stress; Professional guidance and professionality.

Thus, we tried in this chapter to consider theoretical aspects of the application of the biological feedback method in the prevention of diseases, the treatment and restoration of the patient's body from the impact of negative factors affecting the physical and psychological state of health. For a more understandable effect of this technique, it is necessary to consider applying on specific practical examples, to develop proposals for the seferences of these methods and consider the advantages and contraindications of the application of the BOS method at various forms of application. This is why our next chapter will be devoted.

Chapter 2 The use of biological feedback as a method of treatment and prevention (on examples in some areas)

2.1 Experience and prospects for using the method of biological feedback in the health care of the Rostov region

In recent years, alternative farewell treatment methods are becoming increasingly popular in Russia, including using modern innovative technologies. The Rostov region is one of the regions where the introduction of faustrial treatment methods occurs especially intensively due to economic, natural and other features.

In this regard, the method of functional biocopulation with biological feedback (BOS) is relatively new.This is a method of direct training of central and vegetative nervous systems of the body based on the principle of "physiological mirror", which is the role of computer equipment and special software. The patient in almost literally understanding the word – "sees" and "hears" in a kind of form of its body and its functional parameters: the eclectic activity of the brain, muscles, the temperature of the skin, due to which the conditionally reflex normalization of the functions of the body occurs, i.e. Training on the skills of impact on the patient himself.

Currently, in the sanatorium "Ivushka" Taganrog with the help of the instruments of Miotonik-02 and Miton-03, they are rehabilitated by patients who have suffered spinal injuries of the spine with damage to the spinal cord and the labels of the limbs. The use of BOS in such patients significantly increases muscle activity, improves relaxation during paresis, increases the number of active movements to 25%, significantly reduces the gravity coefficient compared with the patients of the control group. In the last time, the device "Boslab" has been used for rehabilitation after an acute violation of cerebral circulation, sluggish and spastic paralysis and neurotrampus using EEG and EMG training. This device is successfully used in other clinics of the North Caucasus District for rehabilitation and complex treatment of neurological diseases, for the treatment of attention deficit syndrome, epilepsy and neurosis in children, often based on EEG training.

From open sources for the introduction of these methods in medicine, psychiatry and rehabilitation cents, there are cases of experience using the BOS method in the treatment of alcohol and drug addiction, and in other areas in which the treatment is medicated to our consciousness or powerless, or has a weakly pronounced The effect on the restoration of the body's functional abilities.

2.2 Bos method in the treatment of patients with professional pathologies and injured in production.

Psychosomatic disorders, as well as neurotic, satisfied, often perform a concomitant diagnosis in people with professional pathology and affected by an accident in their production.

Customers with similar disorders primarily distinguishes the relatively low ability to differentiate their internalities of both sensations and emotions, difficulty in communicating their internal experiences, unlike customers with existing neurotic disorders of the body. The so-called scientific, alexitimia, they are expressed by a weak development of the function of imagination and awareness of the role of experienced images in the development of psychosomatic disorders with the simultaneous absence of awareness of the relationship of images, thoughts, emotions and physiological reactions that underlie psychosomatosis.

In this case, there are relaxation methods for the rehabilitation of patients, carrying out autogenic workouts, AOMAFITOTERAPY, HYTHINEZHESTING, MUCHOTHERAPY, TALYCOTHERAPY, PSYCHOTOEEEEEETIH HISTORY, RATIONAL, PATHOGENTIC EXISTICAL PLEAS's approaches, methods symbol – drama, imagotherapy, projective drawing, psychological testing, and since 2007 found Widespread use of the neurobioregulation method.

These method is a developed modern computer treatment-rehabilitation technology, which is based on the mechanism of adaptive feedback. The main task of the bio-enforcement is training to the methods of human self-regulation, as well as their own control over their physiological functions. In the literal sense, when conducting feedback, we obtain information that is not perceived by a person under normal conditions.

Materially – technical support of this method includes a hardware complex – software for collecting and processing by the BOS method about changing the body's electrophysiological reactions to assign treatment and rehabilitation by this method.

In 2011, more than 2,000 people were treated using this biofeedback method in the Rostov Region alone. Of these, with an existing occupational pathology and victims of accidents that occurred at work, as well as those with concomitant psychosomatic disorders (bronchial asthma, hypertension, diseases of the gastroduodenal zone, coronary heart disease, irritable bowel syndrome, tension headache, anxiety-phobic disorders) 684 people were treated.

The ongoing psychotherapeutic conversation at the cognitive stage with an emotionally tense patient already has a cathartic effect for most patients. Some patients previously did not even have the opportunity to talk about their existing problems, haunting fears, experiences, etc. The conversation conducted in this case in itself already causes an unloading of the existing affect, which is directly experienced as beneficial in the process of communication and makes it possible for the patient to rationally think through the decision on existing problems in a state free from the affect that has taken place. Together with the cathartic effect of the method, the patient feels, perhaps for the first time, that he was understood in the first place; this creates, first of all, the opportunity to work on solving their problems that are taking place at the time of applying for help. Awareness of the essence of the problem also contributes to the awareness of the connection of psychosocial factors in the sequence of their origin, the course of the course and treatment of diseases. The holistic impact of a psychotherapeutic conversation should lead to unloading from the pressure of a psychosomatic symptom on the functionality of the body.

At the initial stage of teaching the initial skills of self-regulation, several existing psychotherapeutic models were introduced in the existing methodology of therapeutic and rehabilitation biofeedback: autogenic training, music therapy, self-hypnosis, progressive muscle relaxation, suggestion, visualization techniques, explanatory rational therapy, elements of behavioral, cognitive and positive psychotherapy.

When determining the criteria for the effectiveness of learning, the existing skills of self-regulation uses such indicators as temperature and miogram. In this case, in 72.2% of cases, there was an increase in the temperature on the tips of the fingers on average at 9.174 f and the simultaneous decrease in the miogram indicators taken from the muscles of the face by an average of 2,4mv. The result questioned was obtained in 28.8% of cases. There was no negative result.

Thus, the experimental way was found that the temperature-miographical training unambiguously contributed to the training of the self-regulatory functions of the organization, turning the patient from the passive object of medical intervention during the treatment of rehabilitation treatment in the process of bos-therapy.

Psychotherapy according to the method of biological feedback, carried out individually allows you to master the basics of self-regulation skills, as well as establish control over their emotions, increase its resistance to external stressful situations, improve the ability to instant concentration of attention, and also contributes to the development of visceral perception and awareness of a cognitive person Distortion, having a learning effect in "work with imaginary images" with the sole purpose – these are awareness of their sense-forming function and awareness of the integrative communication of psychological and physiological functions in psychosomatic varieties of patients.

It is the training process, first of all, contributes to the disclosure and activation of personal internal potential, contributes to an increase in the patient's self-assessment, gives confidence, and therefore, this means that the method of biological feedback contributes to the successful medical rehabilitation of patients with various diseases and rehabilitation and rehabilitation effect restoration and strengthening the physical and psychological health of the patient.

2.3 Using the health technology "BOS-Health" in kindergarten

For the purposes of training the correct breathing with the maximum respiratory heart rate (DAS), it is necessary to use the feedback device, which, according to scientifically, is called the bioelectric signals converter – PBS. With the help of the PBS, the necessary information about the work of the heart and respiration is obtained. It uses the skill of a diaphragm-relaxation breathing, and the quality of the execution of the exercises is controlled by special equipment and computer programs.

The BOS method allows even a child to see and hear how his body works. It converts the organism sound signals into a fascinating game. With the help of this method, the child learns to breathe correctly, i.e. Independently forms a diaphragm-relaxation type of breathing with an elongated uniform scientifically based exhale. As a result of the workouts, the operation of respiratory and cardiovascular systems in the complex occurs.

In this computer program, gaming classes should be a duration from 7 to 10 minutes. The occupation must contain alternation of recreation and work stages. In order not to lose the child's interest in classes, during rest, he is invited to consider slides on the monitor screen for its interest in it, for example, on the themes "Animals", "Nature", "Transport" and others. Slides with relaxing music primarily contribute to the child to relax and switch their attention from the stage of operation – a diaphragmal respiration. Leisure periods are usually lasting 1-2 minutes. Cycle of these classes: "Healthy surrounding world" is familiarized by the guys with the surrounding world, plants, transport, the world of animals, with the phenomena of nature.
The BOS method is a good addition to the system of measures to protect and strengthen the health of children from preschool age.
Existing group and multicenter data today indicate thatthat the BOS method has found effective use in the syndrome of violation of attention and hyperactivity in children, migraines, bronchial asthma and other diseases, helps to reduce the number of long and often ill children by more than 50%, and more than 60% of patients with various types of neurons, depressive and Anxiety disorders and exclude the use of drugs during treatment and the entire reducing period. Included in the standard program of rehabilitation and rehabilitation of BOS – therapy objectively reduces the period of recovery of 2-5 times, and at the same time in most cases reduces the number of repeated appeals with similar diseases. All this speaks not only about the feasibility with medical glasses of view, but also the economic validity of the widespread introduction of BOS-technologies in the processes of treatment and rehabilitation.
The following benefits of BOS – technologies can be distinguished – is non-toxicity, reliability, efficiency, non-invasiveness.
In turn, the use of methods of improving respiratory gymnastics using the BOS method in preschool institutions is intended to solve the following tasks:
The provision of a secreting and healing effect on the young body of the child.
Increasing the nonspecific resistance of the child's body.

An increase in the level of concentration of attention and academic performance.

Promotes the prevention of violations of the voice and speech.

There is normalization of the pace of biological ripening and indicators of the physical development of children.

Correction of pre -tological and pathological possible conditions under which the use of physical culture tools is allowed (as an example of frequent children, functional disorders of posture, etc.).

Prevention of adverse consequences of stressful situations and hypodynamies.

On the ongoing theoretical classes, children need to be explained in the affordable form of the very concept of a healthy lifestyle, thereby forming an idea of breathing in children, as the process of gas exchange in the body, also in these classes to form an understanding that breathing is an in-extended heart work process and their respiratory system.Для этой цели возможно на основе учебника здоровья для детей дошкольного и младшего школьного возраста «Будь здоров, малыш!» A.A. Сметанкина составлять конспекты теоретических занятий для воспитателей дошкольных образовательных учреждения по следующим темам: «Что такое воздух», «Как дышит человек», «Что такое сердце», «Сердце и легкие – друзья», «Что такое мышцы. На старт, внимание, марш!», «Коварный стресс или да здравствует хорошее настроение!», «Умеем управлять собой».

В то же время, в целях повышения эффективности занятий необходимо, чтобы выполнять ряд обязательных требований:

– обязательность периодичности (при добровольном посещении занятий), основанная на осознании воспитанниками обязательности посещения занятий собственного здоровья;
– соблюдение регулярности (не менее 2-3 раз в неделю с каждым воспитанником в течение оздоровительного цикла);

– наличие положительного отношения к занятиям здоровья со стороны администрации учреждения и родителей воспитанников.

Об эффективности занятий можно будет судить по динамике наблюдаемых показателей после проведённого полного курса занятий, которые, на наш взгляд, можно разделить на две группы: медицинские и педагогические.
К медицинским показателям следует отнести:
Воспроизведение навыка диафрагмального дыхания без приборов БОС.

Динамику изменения ДАС, ЧСС, ЧД, изменение частоты и периодичности заболеваемости (в основном респираторными инфекциями).

К педагогическим показателям отнесём:

Наличие динамики повышения уровня концентрации внимания и успеваемости у детей.

Формирование у воспитуемых навыков самостоятельных занятий.

Наличие изменений реактивной и личностной тревоги, степени выраженности депрессии, качества жизни ребенка.

Необходимо также задать и самый главный вопрос, а эффективна ли на самом деле данная методика?

На основании полученных результатов, в ходе активного применения БОС – технологии выявились преимущества использования тренажера БОС «Дыхание» перед существующими ранее традиционным подходом в оздоровлении и профилактике заболеваний у детей старшего дошкольного возраста, а именно:

– Development of a diaphragm-relaxation breathing skill with a maximum das couple with visual, sound and gaming feedback, which helps to ensure the agreed activity of respiratory and cardiovascular systems;

– through the use of game computer plots, increases interest in BOS;

– Bos-health technology has allowed an individual approach in the process of familiarization with the current state of health, taking into account the psychological and physiological development of the child, as well as all concomitant diseases;

So, it was found that this technology has a positive effect on the strengthening of immunity guys, reduces the frequency of colds during the period of visiting a preschool educational institution; leads to a balance of homeostatic processes, restores the functions of respiratory and cardiovascular systems; contributes to the acquisition of the skill of proper breathing from the kids; It develops from them self-regulatory processes, helps small patients control their condition, and therefore affects the formation of a responsible relation to their health.

2.4 Biological feedback. Advantages and contraindications

We need to understand for yourself that the important advantage of the BOS method under consideration is primarily its safety. In itself, the use of the BOS method is painless for a person. The hardware complexes of the BOS record signals that gives the patient's body (the frequency of respiratory cycles, pulse, brain rhythms, bioelectric signals from the muscles), while not any direct impact on a person.

In addition to the principle of security, to the essential advantages of the BOS method, compared with the generally accepted existing methods of treatment, must be attributed:

– the absence of any absolute contraindications for the use of this therapy;

– This method is based only on the activation and mobilization of the patient's own reserves, i.e. physiological method of the method;

– this method has a clear pathogenetic orientation during the treatment of a large number of diseases;

– compliance with the principle of clear dosing and controlling loads during both each session and the course of the entire course of treatment or the patient himself, or its experienced mentor;

– when applying this method, it is possible to carry out objective and diagnostic measures in the process of conducting therapy;

– when carrying out each therapeutic session, there is a requirement for an individual psychological approach from the doctor and the patient himself, which increases the effectiveness of the treatment itself;

– in the process of passing treatment with this method, an active part of the patient itself is required in its own treatment, which is also the source of its effectiveness;

– The use of this method makes it possible to reduce or even complete cancellation of the drug load on the patient's body as a result of bos-therapy.

We reviewed the existing benefits of the BOS method. But despite the listed large list of advantages, the BOS method also has a number of separate contraindications to use. All of these contraindications are associated with the reasons dedicated two groups that are stacked or in the physical or psychological absence of the patient's ability to fulfill the task set before him, a course of treatment.

The first group is the presence of a patient with diseases that create a fundamental absence of the possibility of achieving a positive effect due to the existing significant anatomical changes in the body of a small pelvis. As examples, it is possible to designate: local infectious inflammatory diseases in the exacerbation stage that prevent the use of rectal and vaginal sensors (colpites, vulvovaginites), malignant tumors; Heavy concomitant diseases in the decompensation stage, for example, cardiovascular (acute violation of cerebral circulation, unstable angina), thyrotoxicosis, as well as infectious diseases and injuries.

The second group of contraindications is the age of a patient younger than 4-5 years old, when a child cannot realize the task given to him due to the insufficient development of mental abilities in these period of life; As a counterweight, it is an old age that is accompanied by the loss of intelligence; the presence of mental diseases; Examples When there is no motivation and the patient occupies a dependent position, thereby not wanting to take any participation in its treatment.

Conclusion

A brief overview of modern ideas about the types and levels of self-regulation clearly shows that the concept of self-regulation should be considered in the form of an integrative process. All processes of self-regulation are manifested in the complex life of the person at different levels of its formation, including emotional, semantic, cognitive, reflexive, motivational and behavioral processes.

Self-regulation itself should be considered as a unified dynamic system of functioning of different levels and aspects of human self-regulation.

At the same time, the question of studies of violations of various levels of self-regulation remains relevant. In the context of this work, it is important to the impact of the level of self-regulation on the degree of efficiency, increasing the level of physical and mental health not only of workable population, but also our young generation – students of preschool educational institutions, disabled childhood and rehabilitation of citizens.

The person himself is a subject of self-regulation, and the mental phenomena, performed by him, or their own behavior in one situation or another may be inherent in its objects.

The location and role of self-regulation in the life of a person are quite obvious, if we take into account that almost his whole life is nothing more than an infinite many forms of activity, its actions, types of communication and other types of activity.

The individuality of the style of self-regulation is manifested exactlyкаким образом человек планирует и программирует достижение своих жизненных целей, учитывает при этом значимые внешние и внутренние условия этих событий, оценивает промежуточные результаты и корректирует с этим учетом свою активность для достижения необходимых для него результатов, а также в том, в какой мере процессы самоорганизации развиты и осознанны им.

Индивидуальный стиль саморегуляции характеризуется целым комплексом стилевых особенностей данной процедуры. К этим комплексам всегда относятся типичные для данного человека особенности его регуляторных процессов, реализующие основные звенья всей системы саморегуляции, в том числе планирование, программирование, моделирование, оценивание результата, а также регуляторно-личностные свойства или инструментальные свойства пациента.
Перспективной стороной развития БОС – технологий является отсутствие на сегодняшний день развитого коммерческого рынка и конкуренции в области биоуправлении. Это создает предпосылки для успешного развития коммерческой деятельности в области БОС-технологий в виде специализированных кабинетов и центров, а также создает возможность задавать приоритеты развития биоуправления, которое может стать отдельным медицинским направлением уже ближайшего будущего.
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