Overview of updated information on the diagnosis and treatment of pain caused by microtrauma of the sacroiliac joint, all medical news about pain on the Medznat.ru portal.

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According to Jean Charles Le Huec et al. (study authors): "Carefully designed RCTs are required to test the various recommended methods, some of which may lack biomechanical justification."

The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) is a diarthrodial joint that is located at the transition from the spine to the lower extremities and is subjected to major shear loads. SIJ mobility is minimal, but it increases during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the SIJ is key.

The SIJ connects two uneven surfaces covered with cartilage and filled with synovial fluid. It is enclosed in a capsule reinforced with several ligaments. A review published in Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research considers microtraumatic SIJ injuries.

Microtraumas lead to the development of chronic SIJ pain, which should be differentiated from pain in the hip joint and spine. The diagnosis is made on the basis of certain clinical provocative tests in combination with a local anesthetic. The results of magnetic resonance imaging and X-ray examination are normal.

Conservative treatment methods using physiotherapy and stretching are primarily aimed at strengthening the latissimus dorsi, hamstrings, and gluteus muscles to increase SIJ co-optation. The effectiveness of other methods of physiotherapy has not been confirmed. The method of radiofrequency denervation of the sensitive fibers of the dorsal branch of the spinal nerve seemed to be effective, but its effects weaken with time. Minimally invasive SIJ fusion by trans-articular screw or plug implantation has been successful and may be beneficial for patients with refractory pain.

According to Jean Charles Le Huec et al. (study authors): "Carefully designed RCTs are required to test the various recommended methods, some of which may lack biomechanical justification."