13.2. Types of transport tires are the main means of transport immobilization, represents any solid lining of sufficient length. Tires can be improvised (from the rented
Tire – The main means of transport immobilization, represents any solid lining of sufficient length.
Tires can be improvised (from a healthy material) and specially designed (standard).
Standard tires are produced by industry and can be made of wood, plywood [tires of the Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (CITO)], made of metal wire (mesh, crater ladder tires) (Fig. 13-2), plastics, rubber (inflatable tires) and other materials.
To implement immobilization, bandages are also needed, which are fixed to the limbs; Wool – for laying under the limb. Bandages can be replaced by appliant means: belt, tissue stripes, rope, etc. Instead of cotton can be used towels, cloth pads, hay bunches, herbs, straws, etc.
Rice. 13-2. Kramer stair tires
In 1932, Professor Kitterih props a wooden tire for immobilizing the lower limb in damage to the hip, hip and knee joints and the upper third of the leg. This tire is also used and is currently the most reliable method for transport immobilization (Fig. 13-3).
Rice. 13-3. Tire Dietershsa
The tire consists of two wooden crutches – outdoor and internal, soles and spins with a cord. Crutches sliding, consist of two branches – upper and lower. The tops of the branches ends up with the axes for the armpit and the crotch.
They also have slits and holes for fixing them to limb and torso with a belt, straps or bandage. The inner crutch on the bottom brass has a folding bar with a round window for a cord and a groove for the protrusion of the lower branch of the outer crutch.
On the sole, there are two ears intended for the crutch, and two loops for fixing the cord.
Ladder tire crawler. It is a long frame of thick wire with transverse crossbars (Fig. 13-4 A-g).
It can easily be curved in any direction, i.e. Oddled. In each case, the tire is prepared individually depending on the damaged segment and injury character. You can use one, two or three tires at the same time. In fig. 13-4 shows the fixation of the shoulder of the wire-tire.
Rice. 13-4. Cramer tire with a marlevary lining. Shoulder fixation using crawler bus
Chin tire. It has the form of a chicken-bent in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the plastic plate, it is used for fractures of the lower jaws (Fig. 13-5).
Rice. 13-5. Chin tire
The bows in the tire are designed for the flow of saliva and blood, also for fixing the relative language ligature. The side end holes have three hooks for fastening the loops of the head cap.
Pneumatic tires. They are the most modern method of transport immobilization. These tires have certain advantages: when inflated, they are automatically modeled almost perfectly on the limb, the pressure on the tissues is even, which eliminates bedsores. The tire itself can be transparent, which allows you to control the condition of the dressing and the limb itself. Its advantages are especially noticeable in the syndrome of prolonged compression, when tight bandaging of the limb with immobilization is necessary. However, with the help of a pneumatic splint, it is impossible to immobilize in case of injuries to the hip, shoulder, since these splints are not designed to fix the hip and shoulder joints.
A variety of pneumatic tires are vacuum stretchers, which are used for fractures of the spine and pelvis.
To immobilize the upper limb, a standard medical scarf is often used, which is a triangular piece of tissue. It is used as an independent means of immobilization and as an auxiliary, more often to maintain the shoulder and forearm in a suspended state.